Range: new world north of tropics, old world north of equator. There are a number of subspecies, although the exact taxonomy is uncertain.

• C. a. alpina (Greenland gp)
• C. a. schinzii (European gp)
• C. a. hudsonia (North American gp)
• C. a. pacifica (North American gp)
• C. a. sakhalina (eastern Siberia)
• C. a. centralis (central Siberia)

Note the rust-colored edges to a couple of scapulars.

A relatively long-billed individual.

Again, a few scapulars have rusty edges.